Grade 9

Atoms and Elements

Grade 9

Exploring Matter

Grade 10

Chemical Processes

Grade 10

Chemical Reactions and Their Practical Applications

Grade 11

Matter and Chemical Bonding

Grade 11

Quantities in Chemical Reactions

Grade 11

Solutions and Solubility

Grade 11

Gases and Atmospheric Chemistry

Grade 11

Hydrocarbons and Energy

The Atomic Theory

• The Atomic Theory
  
• The Atom
  
• Atomic Weights
  
• Molecular Hypothesis
  
• Valency

Atomic Structure

• Atomic Number
  
• Atomic Mass
  
• Molar Mass
  
• Five Atomic Models
  
• Quantum numbers
  
• Electron Configuration
  
• Octet Rule

Introduction To Periodic Table

• Element And Atom
  
• Atomic Number And Isotopes
  
• Chemical Reaction
  
• Atomic Quantum Numbers
  
• Principle Quantum Number
  
• The Orbital Shape
  
• Magnetic Quantum number
  
• Spin Quantum Numbers
  
• Orbital Energy Diagrams
  
• Multi Electron Atoms
  
• Energy Of Electrons
  
• Electron Configuration
  
• Valence Electrons
  
• The Octect Rule
• Diamagnetism And Paramagnetism
  
• Mass Number
  
• Periodic Table
  
• Names Of Elements
  
• Atomic Number
  
• Periodic Table Creation
  
• Simple Periodic Trends
  
• Additional Periodic Trends
  
• Cations And Anions
  
• Ionization Energy
  
• Ionization Energy Across
  
• Ionization Energy Down
  
• Electron Affinity
  
• Electron Affinitty Across Periods
  
• Electron Affinity Down Group
• Electronegativity
  
• Artificial Elements
  
• Element 105
  
• Element 106
  
• Element 107
  
• Element 108
  
• Element 109

Periodic Table Groups Of Elements

• Fundamentals Of The Periodic Table
  
• Sorting The Elements
  
• Groups And Periods
  
• Metals Nonmetals And Metalloids
  
• Hydrogen
  
• Alkali Metals
  
• The Alakaline Earth Metals
  
• The Metal Reactivity Series
  
• The Transition Metals
  
• Group 3 Elements
  
• Group 4 Elements
  
• Group 5 Elements
  
• Group 6 Elements
• Group 7 Elements
  
• Group 8 Elements

Helium

• Properties Of Helium
  
• Discovery And Distribution
  
• Helium And The Alpha Particle
  
• Isotopes
  
• Uses
  
• Helium Dating
  
• Cryogenics And Helium
  
• Uses Of Cryogenics
  
• Superfluidity
  
• Superconductivity
  

Hydrogen

• Hydrogen In The Sun And On Earth
  
• Varieties Of Hydrogen Atoms
  
• History
  
• Physical Properties Of Hydrogen
  
• Diffusion Of Hydrogen
  
• Nascent Hydrogen
  
• Ortho - Hydrogen And Para - Hydrogen
  
• Chemical Reactions
  
• Isotopes Of Hydrogen
  
• Early Preparations Of Hydrogen
  
• Industrial Production Of Hydrogen
  
• Uses
  
• Hydrogen - The Lightest Substance And Its Uses
  
• Analysis
  
• Hydrogen Peroxide
• Thermonuclear Bomb
  

Lead

• History
  
• Properties
  
• Occurrence
  
• Mining And Concentrating
  
• Extraction
  
• Refining
  
• Uses
  
• Lead And Its Alloys
  
• Chemical Compounds
  
• Oxides
  
• Silicates
  
• Carbonates
  
• Chromates
  
• Other Lead Compounds
  

Nitrogen

• Nitrogen
  
• Discovery
  
• Occurrence
  
• Properties And Uses
  
• Biological And Physiological Significance
  
• Compounds
  
• Commercial Production
  
• Uses
  
• Nitrogen Fixation
  
• Chemical Properties
  
• Analytical Chemistry
  

Oxygen

• The Life Sustaining Element
  
• Preparation of Oxygen
  
• Catalysts
  
• Properties of Oxygen
  
• Oxidation and Reduction
  
• Acids And Bases
  
• Group VIa
  
• History
  
• Comparison Of Properties Of Group VIa Elements
  
• Catenation
  
• Isotopes
  
• Allotropy
  
• Methods Of Preparation
  
• Commercial Production And Use
  
• Chemical Properties And Reactions
• Ozone
  

Zinc

• Zinc - Group II b
  
• Properties
  
• Occurence And Uses
  
• Chemical Compounds
  
• Producing Chemical Compounds Of Zinc
  
• Medical Compounds
  
• The Metal And Its Alloys
  
• Extraction And Refining
  
• Ores
  
• Mining And Concentrating
  
• Roasting And Sintering
  
• Electrolysis
  
• The Zinc-Lead Blast Furnace
  
• Distillation Refining

Introduction To Chemistry

• Things That Matter Most
  
• Measurement And Metric
  
• Metric Prefixes
  
• Scientific Notation
  
• Volume And Density
  
• Solving Problems
  
• Energy
  
• Specific Heat Capacity

Metallurgy - Ores And Their Formation

• Ores And Their Formation
  
• Forms Of Ore Minerals
  
• Formation Of Mineral Deposits
  
• Magmatic Concentration Or Segregation

Comparative Study Of Nitrogen Group

• Physical Traits
  
• Electronic Configuration
  
• Comparison Of Chemical Behaviour

Thermochemistry And Chemical Kinetics

• Role Of Energy
  
• Heat Of Reaction
  
• Hess's Law
  
• Heats Of Reaction
  
• Chemical Kinetics
  
• Factors
  
• Spontaneity of Reactions

Advanced Electrochemistry Grade

• Electro Chemistry
  
• Electrodes
  
• Electrolysis
  
• Use Of Electrolysis
  
• Electrolyte
  
• Electrolytic Cells
  
• Electrolysis Of Water
  
• Electro Plating
  
• Galvanic Cells
  
• Redox Reactions
  
• Functions Of Galvanic Cells
  
• Adding Standarad Reduction Potential
  
• Thermodynamics
  
• Electolysis-1
• Battery
  
• Oxidation Reduction Reaction

Radiometric Dating

• Basics
  
• Carbon 14 method
  
• Potassium-Argon Method
  
• Rubidium Strontium Method
  
• Thorium-230
  
• Using Lead
  
• Fission Track Dating

Chemical Bonds

• Bond Types
  
• Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory
  
• Describing A Bond
  
• The Two Types Of Chemical Bonds
  
• Properties Of A Bond
  
• Ionic Bonding
  
• Covalent Bonding
  
• Lewis Structures
  
• Formal Charge
  
• Exceptions To The Octet Rule
  
• Molecular Geometry

• Equivalent Weight Of A Metal

Moles

• Given Grams, Convert To Moles
  
• Practice Problems
  
• Given Grams, Convert To Moles - 1
  
• Practice Problems - 1
  

Moles And Mole Conversions

• Molar Ratios
  
• Practice Problems
  
• Mole - Mole Problems
  
• Practice Problems Mole - Mole
  
• Mole - Mass Problems
  
• Practice Problems Mole - Mass
  
• Mass - Mass Problems
  
• Sample Stoichiometric Calculations

Gas And Gas Laws

• What Is Gas
  
• Ideal Gas Formula
  
• Gas laws
  
• Third Law
  
• Dalton Law
  
• Gas Law Calculation

The Law Of Chemical Combination

• Basic Properties of Chemical Reactions
  
• Law of Conservation of Mass
  
• Laws Of Chemical Combinations
  
• Law of Combining Weights

Organic Hydrocarbons & Their Structure

• Classes
  
• Hydrocarbons
  
• Alkanes
  
• Isomers
  
• Naming System
  
• Alkenes
  
• Alkynes
  
• Aromatic
  
• Compounds
  
• Alcohols
  
• Tertiary Alcohols
  
• Dihydroxy And Trihydroxy
  
• Carbonyl Group
• Aldehydes
  
• Ketones
  
• Organic Acids
  
• Organic Nitrogen
  
• Amino Acids
  
• Organic Compounds
  
• Organic Reactions
  
• Substitution
  
• Addition
  
• Fermentation
  
• Esterification
  
• Fatty Acids
  
• Saponification
  
• Oxidation
  
• Polymers
• Polymerization
  
• Addition Polymerization

Organic Quantum Chemistry

• Forces Affecting Orbitals
  
• The Fundamentals Atom
  
• Quantum Number And Atomic Orbitals
  
• Orbitals Energy
  
• Multi Electrons Atoms
  
• Order Of Filling Orbitals
  
• Valency And Valence Electrons
  
• Octet Rule
  
• Ions And Ionic Bond
  
• Ionization Energy And Electron Affinity
  
• Ionic Bond
  
• Describing Orbitals
  
• Valence Bond Theory
  
• Molecular Orbital Theory
  
• Covalent Bond

Basics Of Organic Chemistry

• Organic Chemistry
  
• Hydrocarbons
  
• Organic Molecules
  
• Isomerism
  
• Alkanes
  
• Carbon Substitution
  
• Alkenes And Alkynes
  
• Isomerism In Alkenes
  
• Conformations
  
• Introduction To Conformation
  
• Visualizing Conformations
  
• Ethane
  
• Steric Hindrance
  
• Higher Alkanes
• Carbocycles
  
• Cycloalkanes
  
• Ring Strain
  
• Cyclohexane
  
• Polycyclic Compounds
  

Energy Changes During Chemical Reactions

• Energy Changes During Chemical Reactions
  
• Hess Law Of Constant Heat Summation
  
• Calculation Of The Heat Of Reaction
  
• Heat Of Combustion

Types And Energies Of Chemical Reactions

• Types And Energies Of Chemical Reactions
  
• Characteristics Of A Chemical Reaction
  
• Classifying Reactions Based On Energy Use
  
• Types Of Reaction
  
• Reactions Needing Less Start Energy
  
• Entropy
  
• Modern Classification Systems
  
• Synthesis
  
• Decomposition Reactions
  
• Polymerization
  
• Chain Reactions
  
• Substitution, Elimination, Addition Reactions
  
• Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
  
• Acid-Base Reaction

Chemical Equations And Energies

• Chemical Symbols
  
• Types Of Chemical Formulas
  
• Chemical Reaction
  
• Chemical Bonding
  
• Types Of Bonds
  
• Valence
  
• Resonance
  
• Systematic Names
  
• Types Of Chemical Reactions
  
• Energetics Of A Chemical Reaction
  
• Chemical Rates And Mechanisms
  
• Chemical Equilibrium
  
• Chemical Equations
  
• Chemical Synthesis Of New Items

Reaction Velocity And Chemical Equilibrium

• Reaction Velocity And Chemical Equilibrium
  
• Velocity of Chemical Reaction
  
• Effect of Concentration
  
• Effect of Temperature
  
• Reversible Reactions and Chemical Equilibrium
  
• Effect of Temperature on Chemical Equilibria
  
• Volatility And Solubility Of Products

Chemical Equilibrium

• Reversiable Reactions
  
• Lechatlier Principles
  
• Effect Of Concentration
  
• Common Ion Effect
  
• Effect Of Pressure
  
• Effect Of Temperature
  
• Effect Of Catalyst
  
• Equlibrium Constant
  
• Chemical Equilibrium
  
• Problems Involving Equilibrium

Reaction Kinetics

• Separation And Analysis
  
• Mechanisms And Kinetics
  
• What Reaction Mechanisms Tell Us
  
• Factors That Decide The Course Of Reaction

Advanced Electrochemistry Grade

• Electro Chemistry
  
• Electrodes
  
• Electrolysis
  
• Use Of Electrolysis
  
• Electrolyte
  
• Electrolytic Cells
  
• Electrolysis Of Water
  
• Electro Plating
  
• Galvanic Cells
  
• Redox Reactions
  
• Functions Of Galvanic Cells
  
• Adding Standarad Reduction Potential
  
• Thermodynamics
  
• Electolysis-1
• Battery
  
• Oxidation Reduction Reaction

Acid Base Theory

• Acids And Base
  
• Bronsted Lowery Theory
  
• Properties Of Acids
  
• Properties Of Bases
  
• Strong Acids Vs Strong Base
  
• Swallow Strong Base
  
• Looks Like Acid
  
• Conjugate Acid Base Pairs
  
• Lewis Theory

Catalysis And Catalytic Reactions

• Catalysis And Catalytic Reactions
  
• Catalytic Reactions
  
• Catalysts In Nature - Enzymes
  
• Mechanism Of Catalysts
  
• Classification Of Catalysts
  
• Homogenous Catalysis
  
• Heterogenous Catalysis
  
• Acid or base catalysis
  
• Adsorption

Carbon And Its Compounds

• Chemistry Of Carbon
  
• Availability
  
• Allotropy
  
• Properties
  
• Inorganic Carbon Compounds
  
• Halides Of Carbon
  
• Carbides Of Carbon
  
• Organic Compounds
  
• Isotopes
  
• Isomerism
  
• Uses Of Carbon
  
• Bonding
  
• Nomenclature
  
• Hydrocarbons
• Alkanes
  
• Branched Chain Compound
  
• Cyclic Compound
  
• Naming An Organic Compound
  
• Common Organic Compounds
  
• Suffixes Or Prefixes

Electro Chemistry

• Redox Reactions
  
• Oxidation
  
• Is It A Redox Reaction
  
• Half Reactions
  
• Iron Electron
  
• Spontaneous Redox
  
• Electro Chemical Cells
  
• Salt Bridges
  
• Half Cell
  
• Standard Hydrogen Half Cell

Stoichiometry

• Need Moles
  
• Chemical Formula
  
• Percents By Weights
  
• Basic Stoichiometry
  
• Density Times Mass
  
• Atoms Molecules Moles
  
• Concentration Times
  
• Gases
  
• STP Gas
  
• Concentration Density Problems
  
• Problems Using All Techniques

Molar Heat Of Vaporization

• Molar Heat Of Vaporization

The Conservation Of Mass And Energy

• The Conservation Of Mass And Energy

An Introduction To Solutions

• Solutions And Solubility
  
• Molarity
  
• More About Molarity Problems
  
• Dilution - Definitions And Calculations
  
• Molality
  
• General Rules Of Solubility
  
• Vapor Pressure

Standard Enthalpy Of Formation

• Standard Enthalpy Of Formation
  
• Test Yourself

Calculating Equlibrium Constant

• Calculating Equlibrium Constant
  
• Equilibrium From Initial Concentrations

The Kinetic Molecular Theory Of Ideal Gases

• Gas Laws And Calculations
  
• The Four Gas Law Variables
  
• Converting Between Celsius And Kelvin
  
• Converting Between Units Of Pressures
  
• Boyle's Law
  
• Charles' Law
  
• Gay-Lussac's Law
  
• Avogadro's Law
  
• The Pressure Mass Law
  
• The Mass Temperature Law
  
• Dalton's Law Of Pratial Pressure
  
• Deriving The Combined Gas Law
  
• The Ideal Gas Law
  
• Graham's Law
  
• Molar Volume
• Gas Density
  
• Vapor Pressure

Phosphorus

• Phosphorus
  
• Properties
  
• Principal Compounds
  
• Occurrence And Distribution
  
• Commercial Production And Uses
  
• Chemical Properties And Reactions
  
• Differences Between Nirtogen And Phosphorus
  
• Analytical Chemistry
  
• Biological And Physiological Significance
  
• Isotopes Of Phosphorus

The VSEPR Theory Of Molecular Geometry

• The VSEPR Theory
  
• Three To Six Electron Domains
  
• Three Electron Domains
  
• Four Electron Domains
  
• Five Electron Domains
  
• Six Electron Domains
  
• VSEPR Structures Of Odd Electron Molecules
  
• Rules For Lewis Structures
  
• Resonance